Epoch AI
Research
AI has become 99 percent cheaper, putting applications in the spotlight
The inference cost of models with performance comparable to early GPT-4 fell by more than 99 percent between March 2023 and February 2025. The China Industrial…
LLM use now acknowledged in 17% of biology preprints, near specialized AI tools
The share of biology preprints that acknowledge large language model use has reached 17%, close to the 19% that acknowledge specialized AI tools, according to a new…
New AI computing capacity is doubling every 9 months, Epoch AI finds
The computing capacity of AI chips sold worldwide each quarter has grown about 2.5× per year since 2024, according to research group Epoch AI. That equals a doubling…
Open-weight AI models trail closed ones by 6-7 months on cyber, Epoch AI finds
Open-weight AI models are roughly 6 to 7 months behind the closed frontier on cybersecurity tasks, according to Epoch AI. Z.ai's GLM-5.3 is the top open-weight model on…